In 1619, Johannes Kepler conducted the first official and documented study of tessellation art. In the 4th century, one of the most famous tessellation art was made by the Muslim Moors in Grenada, Spain: the Alhambra, an Islamic tessellation artwork composed of countless tiles in geometric positions that were constructed for the residence and court of Mohammed ibn Yusuf Ben Nasr. During the classical antiquity period in the 8th century, tessellation became a staple for mosaic tiling decorations using small square blocks called ‘tesserae.’ The Arabs, Chinese, Egyptians, Japanese, Romans, Persians, and the Moors practiced the use of repeated patterns and geometric designs in their decorative arts. It wasn’t too long until the next civilizations quickly adopted tessellation both in art and architecture. when ancient Sumerians discovered the use of clay tiles as home and temple decorations. The hexagon is the smallest geometric figure which makes the lizard tessellation possible with a single pattern.The origin of the mathematical art of creating patterns, or tessellation, dates back to 4000 B.C. We need all six triangles to make the Escher's tessellation complete. The poor beasts made from this triangle would not have limbs on the right side. Of course, we can tessellate this triangle (or any triangle cut out from original drawing) but it will not produce lizards. Let's check for example the triangle made with vertexes where all three lizards heads meet: How do we know a triangle would not suffice? Because then each triangle has to have a different pattern painted on it and we need six such triangles. You might be tempted to think a triangle would suffice to make lizards because we may divide a hexagon into six triangles. ![]() Here is a movie how to deform the hexagon to get the lizards: Remember that you can create subpatterns (smaller ones) or superpatterns (bigger ones)Īctually this lizard is created on the basis of a hexagon, not a triangle! Here is the hexagon: Here the "deformation" of the grid is extreme, the grid itself has its own new shape: But art is about taking the resources you have as a guideline, not as a limitation. You have some other resources like mirroring, rotating, and scaling. Where you can see how he used a two-axis grid rotated 45° next to a work using a three-axis grid. Here is a screen capture of the website: Let us explore how Escher used these grids to develop part of his work. When you are using a pattern, you let the pattern guide you.Įdited some years later. Metamorphosis.Īdditionally, comparing two lizards they are not exactly the same. ![]() Especially if the next lizard will turn into a duck. I would probably have a reference drawing but draw those by hand. Look at the second image, it clearly marks the middle of the triangle and where the legs should intersect them. ![]() I really see no difficulty to draw this lizard by hand. You can also see these patterns in 3D often used in Architecture. We called it "Little Squares 101" Or "Sticks and Balls II" (That was the second course) and yes, we drew this by hand. This is a typical example of introductory classes at the University. Grab a paper and a ruler, draw some pages and find some more patterns! Look how many patterns you have with this triangular grid. We are used more to a square pattern, but this triangular pattern can produce hexagonal and rhomboidal patterns as well.Īnd you can play with it to start building ripples, but still, you repeat the internal objects on this now deformed patterns. These patterns are pretty easy to draw, and they are used for example in architecture in different cultures. You can have and use sub-patterns or smaller ones to be more exact. Once you know what to draw on each piece, you need to repeat this.
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